Part of your course grade is determined by participation, which can include both in-class participation as well as discussion here on the course webpage. Therefore, your first assignment is to:
- create an account, and
- leave a comment on this post containing your favorite mathematical formula (see below).
To make things interesting, your comment should include a description of your favorite mathematical formula typeset in $\LaTeX$. If you don’t know how to use $\LaTeX$ this is a great opportunity to learn — a very basic introduction can be found here. (And if you don’t have a favorite mathematical formula, this is a great time to pick one!)
(P.S. Anyone interested in hearing about some cool “favorite theorems” should check out this podcast.)
Euler’s formula: $e^{ix} = \cos{x} + i\sin{x}$
Gotta go with the classic
\[
(-80538738812075974)^3 + 80435758145817515^3 + 12602123297335631^3 = 42.
\]
The only one that stuck in my brain all these years: the pythagorean theorem: $a^{2} + b^{2} = c^{2}$
The two equivalent definitions of $e$:
$$
\lim_{n\to \infty} \left(1+\frac{1}{n}\right)^n = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{1}{n!} = e
$$
Bayes’ Rule: $P(A\mid B) = \frac{P(B\mid A)P(A)}{P(B)}$
Fourier transform: $X(j\omega) = \int_{-\infty}^\infty x(t) e^{-2 j\pi t \omega} dt$
I love squaring things in the head, so here we go.
$$(a+b)^2 = a^2 + 2ab + b^2$$
Geodesic equation:
\[ \frac{\partial^2 x_k}{\partial t^2} + {\sum_{i j }\Gamma_{ij}^{k} \frac{\mathrm{d} x_i}{\mathrm{d} t}\frac{\mathrm{d} x_j}{\mathrm{d} t}} = 0\]
Thin Lens Equation: $\frac{1}{o} + \frac{1}{i} = \frac{1}{f}$
The von Neumann entropy:
\[S=-\mathrm{tr}(\rho\log\rho)\]
Good ol’ quadratic equation: \( x = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a} \)
Stokes’ theorem:
$$\int_M d\omega = \int_{\partial M} \omega.$$
Linear interpolation because it’s easy and I use it a lot.
\begin{equation}
\frac{y – y_0}{x – x_0} = \frac{y_1 – y_0}{x_1 – x_0}
\end{equation}
Good ol’ Bayes: $P(A|B)=\frac{P(B|A)P(A)}{P(B)}$
The Minkowski’s inequality: $\|f+g\|_p\le \|f\|_p + \|g\|_p, p\in [1, \infty]$.
Euler’s formula: $e^{j\theta} = \cos\theta + j\sin\theta$
Principle of least action: $\delta S = 0$
\[\forall X(\varnothing \not\in X \implies \exists f:X\rightarrow \bigcup X \quad \forall A \in X(f(A \in X)))\]
(amssymb pls 🙁 )
The Axiom of Choice
Bayes rule!
$P(X | Y) = \frac{P(Y|X) \cdot P(X)}{\sum_{X’}P(Y|X’) \cdot P(X’)}$
Heron’s formula is pretty cool! $A = \sqrt{s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)} $ where $s$ is defined as semiperimeter of a triangle.
Layer-cake formula:
$\int_{X} f d\mu = \int_{0}^{\infty} d_{f}(t) dt$
Euler’s identity:
$e^{i\pi}+1 = 0$
Chain rule:
$\frac{d_u}{d_x} = \frac{d_u}{d_v}\frac{d_v}{d_x}$
I’ll go with Wilson’s theorem.
$n \text{ is prime} \Leftrightarrow (n – 1)! \equiv -1 \text{ mod } n$
Bayes’ Theorem! $P(A\mid B) = \frac{P(B\mid A)P(A)}{P(B)}$
Entropy, $I = -\Sigma_i P_i log P_i$
Jacobian Transpose IK:
$\Delta \theta = J^T \Delta e$
Difference of cubes!
$ latex (a^3 – b^3) = (a-b) (a^2 + ab – b^2) $
Divergence/Stokes
\[
\iiint_V \left(\nabla \cdot \mathbf{F}\right) dV = \iint_S \left(\mathbf{F}\cdot \vec{n}\right) dS
\]
\[
\iint_S \left(\nabla \times \mathbf{F}\right) dS = \int_C \mathbf{F}\cdot dC
\]
ELBO
\begin{equation}
\text{ELBO} = \log P(x) – \text{KL}(q_x || P(z | x) ) &= \int_z q_x(z) \log \frac{P(x, z)}{q_x(z)} \,dz \\
&= E_{z \sim q_x} \bigg[ \log \frac{P(x, z)}{q_x(z)} \bigg]
\end{equation}
ELBO
\begin{equation}
\text{ELBO} = \log P(x) – \text{KL}(q_x || P(z | x) ) = \int_z q_x(z) \log \frac{P(x, z)}{q_x(z)} \,dz = E_{z \sim q_x} \bigg[ \log \frac{P(x, z)}{q_x(z)} \bigg]
\end{equation}
Stirling’s formula: $n! \sim \sqrt{2\pi n} \left( \frac{n}{e} \right)^n$.
Zeta function:
$\zeta(s) = \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}n^{-s}$
with
$\zeta(-1) = -1/12, \zeta(2)=\pi^2/6$, …
The chain rule!
$$J_{f\circ g}=(J_f\circ g)J_g$$
Bayes Theorem
\begin{equation}
P(A|B) = \frac{P(B|A) P(A)}{P(B)}
\end{equation}
Factorial of Zero
$$0! = 1$$
Binomials:
$${N\choose k}=\frac{n!}{(n-k)!k!}$$
Angle between two vectors: $\cos \theta = \frac{|\vec{a} \cdot \vec{b}|}{|\vec{a}||\vec{b}|}$